![]() ![]() An Fb value indicates design strength for those extreme fibers. The outermost (extreme) wood fibers on the top and bottom surfaces are stressed more than those fibers in the middle. And at the same time, fibers stretch along the bottom edge. As a beam bends the outermost (extreme) fibers are compressed along the top edge. Loads cause beams, joists and rafters to bend. Hem-fir is a stiffer material.įb value or extreme fiber stress in bending. For example: No.2 grade eastern white pine has an E value of 1,100,000 and No.2 hem-fir has an E value of 1,300,000. A material with a higher E value is stiffer. E is a ratio that relates the amount a given load causes a material to deform. will provide a stronger and stiffer floor assembly than 2×8 joists of the same grade and species that are spaced 16-inches o.c.Į value or modulus of elasticity of the individual elements. It is important to realize that the way you select and use materials will control costs and performance.ĭepth of structural members. Many factors influence how a system responds to loading. For example, Appendix A indicates that one type of clay tile roof system has a live load value of 20 psf and a dead load value of 15 psf. AF&PA’s Appendix A lists a variety of live and dead load combinations for floors, ceilings and rafters. Simply reference the Tables published by the American Forest & Paper Association’s (AF&PA), American Wood Council (AWC). But for most cases there is a cookbook solution. For a floor system you can find the individual weights of drywall, strapping, floor joists, subfloor, underlayment and carpet in an architectural handbook like Architectural Graphic Standards. To determine the dead load value for a given floor or roof system, the weight of all permanently installed materials in a given component are added together. Unlike stiffness, live loads and dead loads are added together to determine minimum design values for strength. Joists, and rafters must be strong enough not to break when loaded. Strength of a material is obviously important. Examples of code-prescribed deflection limits and live load values are:īedrooms and habitable attic floors L/360 & 30 psfĪttic floors with limited storage L/240 & 10 psf. These limits are based on live loads and activities experienced in specific rooms of a house. Typical deflection limits referenced in code books are L/360, L/240 or L/180. Drywall attached to the underside of this system is not expected to crack when the floor joist system deflects 1/3″. For example: a floor joist appropriately selected to span 10 feet with an L/360 limit will deflect no more than 120″/360 = 1/3 inches under maximum design loads. They are expressed as a fraction clear span in inches (L) over a given number. Maximum deflection limits are set by building codes. Only live loads are used to calculate design values for stiffness. In other words, how much a joist or rafter bends under the maximum expected load. Stiffness of structural members is limited by maximum allowable deflection. Perhaps the joists were strong enough if they didn’t break! But lack of stiffness leads to costly problems. For example, first-floor ceiling plaster would crack as occupants walked across a second-floor bedroom that was framed with bouncy floor joists. Strength and stiffness are equally important. Beams, studs, joists and rafters act as a structural skeleton and must be strong enough and stiff enough to resist these loads. The house acts as a structural system resisting dead loads (weight of materials), live loads (weights imposed by use and occupancy), like snow loads and wind loads. This article will focus on how simple beams like joists and rafters react to loading. ![]() If, when the loads of the house are combined, the house weighs more than the soil can support – the house will sink until it reaches a point at which the soil can support the load. Remember when your science teacher said: every action has an opposite and equal reaction? Well every building load has an equal “reaction load”. The structural goal of a house is to safely transfer building loads (weights) through the foundation to the supporting soil. A complete analysis of wood’s mechanical properties is complex, but understanding a few basics of lumber strength will allow you to size joists and rafters with the use of span tables. Wood is naturally engineered to serve as a structural material: The stem of a tree is fastened to the earth at its base (foundation), supports the weight of its branches (column) and bends as it is loaded by the wind (cantilever beam). Using span tables to size joists and rafters is a straight-forward process when you understand the structural principles that govern their use. Some information contained in it may be outdated. Please note: This older article by our former faculty member remains available on our site for archival purposes. ![]()
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4/30/2024 0 Comments Pa driver's license duplicate![]() ![]() After the initial REAL ID product expires, the customer will pay no additional fee, beyond regular renewal fees, to renew a REAL ID product. This expiration date structure means that you won’t “lose” time that you’ve already paid for. ![]() The expiration date of the initial REAL ID product will include any time remaining on your current license or ID card, plus an additional four years, unless you are over 65 and have a two-year license. You will pay a one-time fee of $30, plus a renewal fee (current renewal fee is $30.50 for a four-year non-commercial driver’s license or a photo ID).
4/30/2024 0 Comments Make a vector image inkscape![]() Just be sure to group objects ( CTRL + G) before masking. You can play with shapes and shades of grey to create even more awesome image cropping, like this: Remember that you can use any shape, stroke, or path. Here, I use the calligraphy pen on the marker setting to draw a grey stroke over the image: Here, I’m using a thick grey stroke on a white circle: You can mask an object by using regular shapes or paths and using different shades of grey in their border or stroke. ![]() Let’s take a look at some examples of masking: Anything in between (all shades of grey) will become gradually transparent, with corresponding effects on the object beneath.The part of an object with black fill or border will block any part of the object beneath it. ![]()
![]() It may take 14 days to get a reply, you should not contact us during that period to check on progress. Once we have received your completed claim, we will confirm if you are owed a refund or contact you if we need more information. If you do not have a user ID you can create one when you use the service.Ĭlaim now Complete this online form if you cannot sign in To use the online service, you need a Government Gateway user ID and password. If you’ve left employment and received your last pay before 5 April (the previous tax year) find out how to claim a tax refund for the previous tax year. received a small pension lump sum payment (trivial commutation or small pot) - claim on P53 or P53z if you’ve take a small pension lump sum.you’re receiving an occupational pension - contact your pension provider who’ll make any repayment due to you, or wait until after 5 April and we’ll repay any tax you’ve overpaid.claim one of the taxable state benefits - check the taxable state benefits.are unemployed, and expect to start a new job within 4 weeks - your new employer will make any repayment due to you through your salary. ![]() have received a Pension Flexibility payment and would like to claim a refund of overpaid tax - claim back a flexibly accessed pension overpayment on form P55. ![]() Before you startĬheck that you have had your final pay from your employer before you can apply for a refund.Ĭheck if you get other taxable income or benefits before the end of the tax year - this also includes a works pension from your old employer.Ĭheck if you get a works pension - your pension provider can make any repayment due to you.Ĭheck if you have Parts 2 and 3 of your P45 - if not tell us why. You will need to contact them and ask them to send HMRC your final pay and tax details.įind out more about Income Tax rates and Personal Allowances.Ĭheck how high your income is as you may need to do a Self Assessment tax return instead of completing this form. You cannot claim a refund If you are still registered with an employment agency. ![]() ![]() Our optional Premium Service Plan provides allowances for such items as towing, car rental, fluids and premium labor should a problem arise. Please visit our warranty page for complete coverage information on our transmissions and extensive line of quality remanufactured engines, differentials and more. Off-road applications receive an 18 month/100,000 mile parts and labor warranty. Most popular models are in stock for immediate availability and come with a 3 year/100,000 mile Nationwide Transferable Warranty - Parts and Labor. JASPER also offers a full line of transfer cases for both 4 wheel drive and all wheel drive applications. We use 90+ years of pricing know-how to show you what you. The average valve body replacement cost is between 4, depending on the car model and labor costs. See the Blue Book Fair Repair Price Range for 2002 Nissan Altima common auto repairs near you. We’ll ship your remanufactured transmission right to the Installer you’ve chosen, all ready to drop in to your vehicle with no guesswork. Some will sit outside of the gearbox, but most are housed inside and will require you to remove the transmission pan in order to change the valve body. ![]() Go to our online catalog and get a price online, and then find a JASPER installer in your area. Instead, you can purchase a completely reman JASPER transmission and get back on the road worry-free. ![]() You don’t have to comb the junkyards for a used transmission, or trust your fate to a 30 day warranty transmission. You don’t have to worry about your bill growing as more and more parts need to be machined or replaced. The 2008 Nissan Altima has a base MSRP of 19,690, which does not include the cost of replacing the transmission. JASPER’s remanufactured automatic and standard transmissions are designed for your peace of mind. These services typically only cost around 150 and. Before agreeing to the replacement, inquire with a trusted mechanic whether your transmission can be fixed with a fluid change or flush. However, the solution to your problem may be less expensive than you might think. The only thing I can really contribute is the experience of getting the transmission replaced at the dealership.Well, presumably because you’re here, that day has come. A fair price for a Nissan Altima transmission replacement is about 3,500. I wish I could answer those questions for you but maybe it’ll give you some more clarity on what to think about. How much would you get for it as is to put forward into something else? How much would you get for selling/trading after the transmission is replaced? Would you even make a profit and/or be able to get something a little bit better than you would if you were to do that without replacing the transmission? There’s also the other option of getting a different car and weighing the potential options of that. But these Nissan CVTs aren’t renowned for being the best on the market. A new transmission should last you awhile given that you don’t have any other big issues with the car. take my story public and within hours i was on the phone with senior directors at Nissan who agreed to cover 1/3 of the repair cost of the transmission. Ask how long they’d need to keep your car so you can plan ahead with work/appointments/rides/rental agency. 2002-2006 Nissan Altima Discussion (2.5 & 3.5) Transmission Service: Why Flushing is a Bad. And maybe check with your insurance about a rental. Make sure you get an itemized receipt after all is said and done. ![]() You might also be out of your car for a couple weeks (they had mine for 2 weeks bc of waiting for parts and scheduling, but I was very lucky to also have a rental covered for that duration.) So take into account that you may need and have to pay for a rental car, too.Īsk questions, is it a new transmission? Ask for the full price (sans discount) to make sure that they actually are giving you 50% and not just trying to make you feel better. Looking for a new or old Nissan vehicle Use your Vehicle Identification Number (VIN), to quickly establish if there are any recalls specific to your. Luckily mine was still in warranty and completely covered, but the itemized bill was about $2k-$3k (I don’t really remember, I’d have to double check.) but I’d personally take the 50% off unless you’re totally cool paying several thousand. I recently had my transmission replaced by the Nissan dealership on my 2018 Sentra at 40k miles. ![]() ![]() Topping off his utopic vision was a fountain and sculpture garden, with statues made by local artists. In the middle of it all would have been a public square and Main Street-type area with stores, a movie theater and a meeting hall/recreation center. Rather than the cookie cutter style of most public housing projects, Pink envisioned a more diverse style of architecture, mixing one and two family homes with apartment buildings of varying heights – some as high as nine or twelve stories and others as small as three or four. Where some saw nothing but corrugated shacks and rusted out cars, Pink saw fountains, parks, and brownstones. Pink thought of the area somewhat differently. Map from Brooklyn Daily Eagle, November 16, 1913. The press referred to the area with terms such as “wasteland,” “auto morgue,” and “hobo jungle.” Area of city-owned land suggested for public housing by Louis Pink. With the onset of the Great Depression, it also became a Hooverville, similar to those popping up all over the country at that time, with about 400 squatters in residence. Over the years, it had become the site of an unofficial dumping ground, referred to by locals as Tin Can Mountain. The parcel Pink was referring to had been purchased by the city between 19 with the plans of creating a railroad depot that would act as a linkage between the various ports of manufacture and storage from Bay Ridge to the Wallabout.īy 1933, the land wasn’t really vacant. In February of 1933, Pink wrote an op-ed piece for the Brooklyn Daily Eagle, pointing out that there was a 40-acre tract of land in the southern part of Red Hook that could easily be developed into a modern public housing neighborhood. But if it had, Red Hook would look much different today. Pink, a member of the New York State Housing Board. ![]() However, even before NYCHA came into existence, Red Hook had been the suggested location for a public housing community proposed by Louis H. This was one of the earliest public housing projects in New York City, the New York City Housing Authority having only been established in 1934. Ground broke for the construction of the Red Hook Houses on July 17, 1938, and the first residents moved into their new homes less than one year later. Headline and image from Pink’s proposal, Brooklyn Daily Eagle, February 26, 1933 ![]() ![]() But Red Hook has always been susceptible to change, and just as decisions and events are now influencing what the neighborhood will look like in the future, those that shaped it as we know it today were just as flexible and malleable, and anything but predetermined. It probably feels this way because we have become accustomed to the landscape around us, the neighborhood that we know and love. With rents increasing and condos popping up like mushrooms all around us, Red Hook seems to be changing more and more rapidly. ![]() 4/29/2024 0 Comments Society finches![]() ![]() Measurements are based on the largest species of the group. These codes are available from Agriculture Victoria. *In Victoria, a Code of Practice for the housing of caged birds applies to the keeping of birds in captivity and requires you to provide adequate space, food, water, etc. PLANTS: most individuals do not harm plants. per extra birdĬAGES*: minimum height 34cm 1000 sq.cm. Physical Characteristics: Society finches are small. Mutations: Colors: Chocolate, Chestnut, Dilute, Fawn, Dilute Fawn, Pearl, Clearwing, Albino, ect. Society Finch Scientific Name: The scientific name assigned to society finches is Lonchura domestica. SOAKED/SPROUTED SEEDS, CUTTLEFISH, SHELLGRIT, CHARCOAL.ĪVIARIES*: minimum height 60cm 3700 sq.cm. They can be sexed by watching the males sing. shop our bird cages Birds are available in stores only. Introduce one other bird into the same cage after 2 days if the first bird starts to present itself, it is definitely. Keep a bird isolated in a cage for 24-48 hours, where it cannot see or come in contact with any other finch. Old Price 39.99 (248) SPACE TO SPREAD THEIR WINGS. This small activity can distinguish the males and females of a society finch. I have so enjoyed my ever expanding hobby in finches. LIVE FOODS: mealworms, maggots, white ants, etc. From finches, parakeets, conures and more, your perfect companion awaits. Thanks to my friend, Pam Mayberry, I found a suitable diversion: finches. Even though there is no need for an online degree to breed this species, you should have a well educated background on the species to do so.The Society finches. REGULAR GREENS: such as milk thistle, endive, dandelion, seeding grasses, etc. 26-34, 43-51.Mutation Colours include White-breasted, Yellow-backed, Parblue (Blue-backed), Dilute-backed, Australian Yellow, Blue.ĭRY SEED MIXTURE: comprising millets and plain canary seed. I just got my society finch today and I like that they respond to me with chirps but they seem like they are scared when I put my hand in the cage so Im. Owl finches are also found in woodlands and scrublands. Tier 3 - Aggressive These birds need a very spacious enclosure with plenty of visual barriers in order to be housed together. Clinical Anatomy and Physiology of Exotic Species. The Zebra finch, Owl finch and Gouldian finch are originally from Australia where large flocks may be found, mainly in arid grassland areas. Purple Grenadier (do not mix with Cordon Bleus or Violet Eared Waxbills) Shaft-tail Finch (Long-tailed or Hecks Grassfinch) - (do not mix with Parsons or Masked Grassfinch) Zebra Finch. Clinical Avian Medicine and Surgery, Appendix 4, Philadelphia W.B. Known as the Society finch in North America and the Bengalese finch elsewhere is a. ![]() “All About Finches.” World of Exotic Pet Birds. Society Finches - An original watercolor by artist Jeffrey A. Known as the Society finch in North America and the Bengali finch or Bengalese finch elsewhere, Lonchura striata domestica is a domesticated finch not found in nature. ![]() 4/29/2024 0 Comments Viper's pit valorant![]() Snake Bite is best used in line-ups, but some players just don't have that time to learn them. This ability lasts 5,5 seconds on the ground. Viper moli can be shot straight up while running and it will land on the edge of the circle on the mini map when you run. The ability also infects the enemies with the Vulnerable debuff that makes them take double damage from any source, be it weapons or abilities. Enemies that enter Snake Bite's area will be greatly damaged and won't uncover that health like with the Toxin debuff. Snake Bite is a throwable ability that creates an area of green toxic poison on the ground. C Ability: Snake Bite (Cost: 200 Credits, Charges: 2) The ability can be activated from anywhere on the map, and you can also pick it up from the ground if you wish to throw it elsewhere. Poison Cloud requires Fuel to be active, meaning if the fuel bar below goes down to 0, the ability will deactivate. Viper's smoke is too powerful! | © Riot Games, Screencapture Though if the enemies leave the ability's range, they'll get their health back up shortly. Once activated, it creates a big circular smoke where if an enemy crosses it, he gets the Toxin debuff which decays their health down to a maximum of 50 health. Poison Cloud is a throwable ability that can be activated by pressing the ability button. Q Ability: Poison Cloud (Cost: 200 Credits) The Fuel ability is how most of Viper's kit functions, instead of having charges she has a Fuel bar that goes down as far as some of Viper's abilities are active. The Toxin ability makes the enemies' maximum health go down rather fast if they cross some of Viper's abilities. To understand Viper, you'll first need to know about her 2 passive abilities: Toxin and Fuel. So that's why here we'll take a look at how to play Viper in Valorant! Viper Abilities Explained But some players have a hard time understanding Viper's abilities and strategies, mostly from lower ranks like Bronze. She makes it harder for the enemies to effectively hold angles and retake sites, especially once the spike's been planted. ![]() Viper is a Controller agent whose abilities are best suited to lock down whole sites. ![]() Post-plant? More like a god-like Viper! | © ValorFeed Her playstyle and abilities are a bit hard to learn, but this guide will hopefully help you understand Viper more. One of the more complex Controller agents is Viper. ![]() 4/29/2024 0 Comments App store mac games![]() ![]() ![]() Instructional tutorials he's written have been linked to by organizations like The New York Times, Wirecutter, Lifehacker, the BBC, CNET, Ars Technica, and John Gruber's Daring Fireball. The news he's broken has been covered by outlets like the BBC, The Verge, Slate, Gizmodo, Engadget, TechCrunch, Digital Trends, ZDNet, The Next Web, and Techmeme. Beyond the column, he wrote about everything from Windows to tech travel tips. He founded PCWorld's "World Beyond Windows" column, which covered the latest developments in open-source operating systems like Linux and Chrome OS. He also wrote the USA's most-saved article of 2021, according to Pocket.Ĭhris was a PCWorld columnist for two years. Beyond the web, his work has appeared in the print edition of The New York Times (September 9, 2019) and in PCWorld's print magazines, specifically in the August 2013 and July 2013 editions, where his story was on the cover. With over a decade of writing experience in the field of technology, Chris has written for a variety of publications including The New York Times, Reader's Digest, IDG's PCWorld, Digital Trends, and MakeUseOf. Chris has personally written over 2,000 articles that have been read more than one billion times-and that's just here at How-To Geek. Blizzard doesn't have to pay Apple a cut.Ĭhris Hoffman is the former Editor-in-Chief of How-To Geek. For example, while Blizzard offers Mac versions of its popular games, they're downloaded through the app and not the Mac App Store. If an app is sold outside the app store, you can buy it directly from those developers, and they don't have to give those developers a cut. If an app is in the app store, its developers have to pay a cut to Apple when you purchase it. But more powerful applications that need access to more of your Mac have to be distributed from outside the app store. Sure, apps like Twitter and Evernote can fit on the Mac App Store just fine. It's especially not suitable for the kinds of powerful applications you need to run on a desktop operating system like a Mac OS X. The "App Sandbox" is something that was added to Mac OS X years after it was created, and it's not suitable for every type of program you might run on your computer. But it's not just about the individual limitations. There are many, many other limitations like these. By default, Macs are configured to allow apps either from the app store or apps that have been signed by an approved developer. The Mac App Store isn't the only way to get apps. ![]() Mac users have always gotten apps directly from the developers' websites - or on software installation discs long ago - and that continues. The desktop version of Mac OS X debuted in 2001, so OS X had ten years to develop without a centralized app store.Īll those OS X apps are still around. But the Mac App Store debuted in 2011 as part of Mac OS X 10.6.6. The Mac Software Ecosystem Goes Beyond the StoreĪpple's iOS has had an App Store built into it from the moment it first allowed third-party applications back in iOS 2, released in 2008. You've always been able to install applications from outside the store, and many developers don't include their apps in the store. The Mac App Store isn't like the App Store on Apple's iPhones and iPads. Get a new Mac and you may be excited to open the Mac App Store and install all your favorite software - but you won't find all your favorite apps in the store. Mac OS X has a desktop app store, unlike Windows. How to Install Apps From Outside the Store.The Sandbox, or Why Many Apps Can't Be On the Store.The Mac Software Ecosystem Goes Beyond the Store. ![]() 4/29/2024 0 Comments Bomb symbol instagram![]() ![]() This particular bug could affect any iPhone running almost any iteration of iOS 10 and there was not a lot users could do to protect themselves from it. The symbols are perfect for sharing and expressing feelings on social media platforms to your friends and relatives.The rainbow iPhone text crash bug hit in January 2017 and could disable an iPhone, although not permanently. Whether you want to add symbols in the comment section, social media profile, or status, here you get the symbol for everything. To use the symbols, visit the website, choose the symbols, and copy & paste it to the site. Moreover, you can even use these Instagram symbols in the comment sections on Facebook too. Here, you'll get unlimited symbols that allow you to decorate your bios, and profile on Instagram, Facebook, Whatsapp, and Twitter. Want to make your simple name stylish and eye-catching? try these symbols for Instagram and ig symbols that make your profile eye-catching. By one-click copy, we mean that you just have to click on any Instagram symbol you want to copy, and the copy will be done, you can paste it anywhere and you can use it. You can copy all the Instagram symbols given on this website with one click. One click copy and paste symbols for instagram With the help of the image given below, we have explained to you how you can use this website. This can help you establish a unique and recognizable visual identity for your Instagram profile, which can attract more followers and engagement. For example, if you have a travel-themed Instagram account, you can use symbols like a plane, suitcase or compass to enhance your posts and stories. By including symbols that match your branding or theme, you can create a consistent look and feel for your content. It can help you create content quickly and efficiently, allowing you to focus on creating engaging posts and stories for your Instagram audience.Īnother advantage of using symbols for instagram is that they can help you create a consistent visual aesthetic for your Instagram profile. Instead of spending time searching for unique symbols on the internet or trying to figure out how to type them on a standard keyboard, you can simply visit an Instagram Symbol Tool website and access a wide variety of symbols all in one place. ![]() Using the Instagram Symbols Tool website can also save you precious time and effort. With no need for complex coding or technical skills, it's a hassle-free way to add creativity to your Instagram content. You can just browse through the collection of symbols, choose the ones you like and copy and paste them directly into your Instagram posts. They are designed to be simple and easy to use, making them accessible to users of all skill levels. These websites are online resources that provide users with a vast library of symbols that can be copied and pasted directly into Instagram captions, comments, stories, and bios. These symbols can help you express your thoughts and feelings in an engaging way, making your content more engaging and memorable.īut where can you find these unique symbols? One convenient way is our website. For example, you can use a heart emoji to express love, an arrow to highlight a point, or a star to represent something special. They can include emoji, special characters, arrows, stars and more, adding a touch of creativity, individuality and personality to your Instagram content. Instagram symbols are unique characters that go beyond the typical letters and numbers found on a standard keyboard. But with millions of users and loads of content on the platform, how do you make your posts stand out? This is where Instagram symbols come in handy. In today's digital age, social media has become an integral part of our lives, and Instagram is a popular option for sharing photos, stories, and connecting with friends and followers. Which we can use on social media platforms or gaming platforms or send text messages to anyone.Īre you tired of using the same old emoji, symbols and characters in your Instagram usernames, captions and stories? Want to add a touch of creativity and uniqueness to your profile? look no further! This Instagram Symbols website is the perfect solution to take your Instagram game to a whole new level. On this site of ours, you get to see almost all kinds of attractive Instagram symbols. ![]() |
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